Fundamental properties of the key chemical constituents entering the soil have largely been established, soil transport processes have been incorporated into computational simulation models, and weather cycles have been linked to soil transport simulation to provide a tool to compare key mine, soil and weather related factors. This information needs to be compiled into a comprehensive synthesis of information to identify key research needs necessary to complete the ultimate goal of producing vapour sensing guidelines. A first synthesis is available in the GICHD-edited book Mine Detection Dogs: training, operations and odour detection (see MDD book index, chapter 5, part 1). These guidelines may eventually become part of the IMAS series.
In this process it is also important to have data from the field (mine dog performance linked to weather, soil and mine type information; soil and/or vapour residue measurements linked to mine dog performance) to validate the soil science and identify key issues that need definition to establish appropriate guidelines. The Afghanistan and Bosnia & Herzegovina mine dog performance evaluation studies involve linking weather effects, mine leakage, soil residues and dog performance over time. The results can be compared to computer simulations and mine dog vapour sensing thresholds to establish key events/processes that prevent mine dog success.
Through a better understanding of mine leakage, odour movement in soils, environmental factors and weather effects, it should be possible to develop guidelines for optimising use of mine detection dogs. Such guidelines will apply measurable indicators (such as time of day, temperature, time since last rainfall, soil moisture status, type of landmine, time of year, etc.).
Status
The GICHD has contracted Sandia National Laboratories to compile historical references and develop the vapour sensing guidelines.
