This study was commissioned by YEMAC and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) with the following objectives: 1. To assess the overall socio-economic returns from mine clearance investments 2. To make a preliminary assessment of complementary development initiatives for mine-affected communities. 3.To enhance the capacity of YEMAC to conduct future assessments of socio-economic benefits from mine action; assess the community Landmine Impact Scores as a tool for identifying impact and determining priorities for action; advise on how to design ad conduct on-going socio-economic surveys relating to ERW; advise on integrating social differentiation within LIS survey protocols, and advise on enhancements to YEMAC's monitoring and evaluation system.